His mother resented Burgess and his close relationship with her husband, and began staging accidents to claim attention; she reported being mugged in her car; on another occasion she set fire to the living room, suffering serious burns. Change). harry george philby - dudley thomas philby Posted on by John Philby, who has died aged 65, was the eldest son of the Russian spy Kim Philby, unmasked in 1963 as a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s, The spy who loved me: Charlotte Philby returns to Moscow Harry George Philby JOHN Philby, the eldest son of Soviet spy Kim Philby, who was a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s, has died in England. In those days, correspondence had to be sent to a PO Box; and in his reply, Kim would sign off under a special code name, Panina (a combination of Pa and Nina, the alias used for Kims wife). Yesterday, in our serialisation of an electrifying biography based on newly released papers, we heard how he fled to Moscow just as he was about to be arrested leaving behind his supposedly innocent wife. [ | ] 1912 ' ( '), . Philby snr was the senior officer of Britain's Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) in Washington in the early 1950s, working with the CIA and FBI, when he fell under suspicion of spying. They had access to the special shops reserved for the Soviet elite, and were able to import canned goods and drinks from Denmark. Then, with no more information to be had, the story of the Macleans went dead. He fell for her the moment he met her among the bohemian set he socialised with in Paris, where he was a British diplomat. Alamy. "[23], Philby, "employed in a Department of the Foreign Office", was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1946.[41]. Volkov's defection had been discussed with the British Embassy in Ankara on telephones which turned out to have been tapped by Soviet intelligence. When Melinda and the children joined him, they moved into a small apartment and the children were put into the local Soviet schools. He was implicated in a similar campaign in Albania. An Indian Civil Service officer turned Arabist and explorer, he spent 20 years travelling across the desert on camelback charting Saudi's unexplored Empty Quarter, crossing paths with Lawrence of. [10], Philby acted as a courier between Vienna and Prague, paying for the train tickets out of his remaining 75 and using his British passport to evade suspicion. . 149", "Up on the Catwalk Lyrics Simple Minds", The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5, Stalin's Englishman: The Lives of Guy Burgess, Annotated bibliography of the Philby Affair, File release: Cold War Cambridge spies Burgess and Maclean, "Kim Philby: The Spy Who Loved Me" by Charlotte Philby, 12 June 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kim_Philby&oldid=1139360835, Belgian comic authors Olivier Neuray and Valerie Lemaire wrote a series of three historical comics entitled "Les Cinq de Cambridge" involving Kim Philby. Philby had defected to the Soviet Union from Beirut in 1963, and was treated with respect, but felt isolated. J. Edgar Hoover complained that Burgess used British Embassy automobiles to avoid arrest when he cruised Washington in pursuit of homosexual encounters. [5] He also began working for both the Soviet and British intelligence, which usually consisted of posting letters in a crude code to a fictitious girlfriend, Mlle Dupont in Paris, for the Russians. But as the months turned into years and no word came from him, she sank into depression at the realisation that she was now bringing up their children alone. He became a member of the Anglo-German Fellowship, an organization aiming at rebuilding and supporting a friendly relationship between Germany and the United Kingdom. The boys told a child they met on a beach that the photos he had taken could not be forwarded to them as we are going away and we dont know where we are going. He was an agent-in-place or a penetration agent or a mole if you wish of the KGB/NKVD. Philby's award of the Order of the British Empire was cancelled and annulled in 1965. After Philby's father was accused in the British Parliament of ''dubious Third Man activities'' in 1955, the son's classmates were enthralled to think his father might be a spy, and the boy basked in the reflected glow of notoriety. One historian said his work for the Soviets was ''beyond price''. Philbys defection sent ripples of shock across Western intelligence and is often described as one of the most dramatic moments of the Cold War. ''His boozy amours, his tough postures, his intelligence expertise, are directly related to the same characteristics in (Ian) Fleming's hero. Donald is well and happy to be with his family again. After Philby defected to the Soviet Union in 1963, Eleanor visited him in Moscow. For most of us, January 23, 2013, was a day like any other. The rendezvous took place in Regents Park. In June 1934, Deutsch recruited him to the Soviet intelligence services. Then, of course, there was Kim Philby's own children. [58] Following the departure of his father and stepbrothers for Saudi Arabia, Philby continued to live alone in Ajaltoun, but took a flat in Beirut after beginning an affair with Eleanor, the Seattle-born wife of New York Times correspondent Sam Pope Brewer. In 1965, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Philby had to help discover the identity of "Homer" but also wished to protect Maclean. In December 1937, during the Battle of Teruel, a Republican shell hit just in front of the car in which Philby was travelling with the correspondents Edward J. Neil of the Associated Press, Bradish Johnson of Newsweek, and Ernest Sheepshanks[21] of Reuters. Weakened by alcoholism and frequent sickness, she died of influenza in December 1957.[91]. Mary was born circa 1824, in London, England. He. Donald Maclean, although arrogant and someone who liked a drink too, was regarded as more convivial. Now Josephine, the eldest of his five children, has described how his family coped with the aftermath of a betrayal that shocked the nation. Aileen Philby had suffered since childhood from psychological problems which caused her to inflict injuries upon herself. Were sorry, this feature is currently unavailable. A more serious threat to Philby's position had come to light. Philby resigned from MI6 in July 1951. Born in Ambala, Punjab, British India, Harold Adrian Russell Philby was the son of Dora Johnston and St John Philby, an author, Arabist and explorer. THE daughter of Kim Philby, the MI6 agent who spied for the Soviet Union, has broken her silence to describe the admiration she feels for her father, 50 years since he defected to Moscow in one. On 23 May, concerned that Maclean had not yet fled, Philby wired Burgess, ostensibly about his Lincoln convertible abandoned in the Embassy car park. The gang of British spies who ended up in Moscow in the 1950s and 1960s were employed in KGB training schools and international research institutes. He said "It was a very dirty storybut after all our work does imply getting dirty hands from time to time but we do it for a cause that is not dirty in any way". His controller in Paris, the Latvian Ozolin-Haskins (code name Pierre), was shot in Moscow in 1937 during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge. Jun 27, 2019. "But he never got aggressive, and just went to bed. "[20], In 1938, Walter Krivitsky (born Samuel Ginsberg), a former GRU officer in Paris who had defected to France the previous year, travelled to the United States and published an account of his time in "Stalin's secret service". Melinda translated Russian stories into English for the weekly English paper, Moscow News. [79]Mikhail Lyubimov, his closest KGB contact, explained that this was to guard his safety, but later admitted that the real reason was the KGB's fear that Philby would return to London. He was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied oriental languages . In 1948, troubled by the heavy drinking and frequent depressions that had become a feature of her husband's life in Istanbul, she experienced a breakdown of this nature, staging an accident and injecting herself with urine and insulin to cause skin disfigurations. Biografi [ redigera | redigera wikitext] Philby var son till arabisten St. John Philby. The two-drink tradition remained but in time there was no longer a need to hide the bottle, she added. By the time he arrived in Turkey, three weeks later, Volkov had been removed to Moscow. In 1940 he was interviewed by MI5 officers in London, led by Jane Archer. Jubilee Statistical Yearbook]", "The national economy of the USSR for 70 years. Philby died of heart failure in Moscow in 1988. Most intelligence historians believe that Philby was almost single-handedly responsible for the deaths of dozens even hundreds of Western intelligence officers and agents who perished during the Cold War while on missions in the USSR and Eastern Europe. Kim Philby, the most successful of the Cambridge spies, tried to drink himself to death in Moscow because he was disillusioned with communism and tortured by his own failings, his last wife has said in an interview. Photograph: Daily Mail/Rex Features, MI5missed early chance to expose Soviet agent Kim Philby, files reveal, Charlotte Philby: We visited Kim in Moscow, Love and Deception: Philby in Beirut by James Hanning review the spy who loved, maybe, ASplinter of Ice review Graham Greene and Kim Philby clink glasses, Graham Greenes showdown with Soviet spy Kim Philby: A Splinter of Ice review, KimPhilby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files, George Blake exemplified the desolation, waste and treachery of the cold war, Moscow names square after British double agent Kim Philby, Athriller of spies and betrayal: by Kim Philbys granddaughter. [46], In January 1950, on evidence provided by the Venona intercepts, Soviet atomic spy Klaus Fuchs was arrested. In a written statement, they admitted they had been Communists since their Cambridge days and disingenuously described themselves as political refugees, not spies. He and Pukhova married in 1971, when he was 59 and she was 38. When her brother-in-law, Alan Maclean, asked her whether she would join Donald if she knew for sure that he was behind the Iron Curtain, she gave a firm No. When he died, in 1988, he was buried with honors by the Soviet authorities. [47] His dissolution had a troubling effect on Philby; the morning after a particularly disastrous and drunken party, a guest returning to collect his car heard voices upstairs and found "Kim and Guy in the bedroom drinking champagne. I questioned her about it but she would give me no details. The two men said very little and the interview lasted barely five minutes. Will former US government informant face terror charges inIndia. And he kept his word to the end." As he states in his autobiography, he . "Kim" Philby, history, interviews, KGB, MI6, News, NKVD, Rufina Pukhova-Philby, UK, USSR. There was nothing more [he] could do. [6] Following in the footsteps of his father, Philby continued to Westminster School, which he left in 1928 at the age of 16. We searched every corner until Kim suddenly struck himself on the head with his hand, went to a cupboard and brought back the boot. A plaque in his honour was unveiled by the head of the foreign intelligence service at its headquarters in Moscow in December. [38] Nevertheless, Angleton's suspicions went unheard. A similar lapse occurred with a report from the Imperial Japanese Embassy in Moscow sent to Tokyo. [58] This retraction came about when Philby was officially cleared by Foreign Secretary Harold Macmillan on 7 November. He and his sister Josephine were flown to Moscow by the Russians for his father's funeral in 1988. Volkov had insisted that all written communications about him take place by bag rather than by telegraph, causing a delay in reaction that might plausibly have given the Soviets time to uncover his plans. They subsequently moved to Britain; however, as Philby assumed the role of a fascist sympathiser, they separated. Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, Kim Philby in Russia in 1968, five years after defecting. Her mood changed, though, with Stalins death in March 1953 and the prospect that the Soviet Union might now become a more open place. In 1968, she returned to Maclean. Solomon went to work for the British retailer Marks & Spencer. [5], Kim Philby, memorandum in Security Service Archives (1963). The news that Philby, a former MI6 officer, had been spying for the Russians since 1933 sounded an alarm in Whitehall. David Pryce-Jones: October 2004: The New Criterion published by the Foundation for Cultural Review, New York, a nonprofit public foundation as described in Section 501 (c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code, London Gazette Issue 43735 published on 10 August 1965. p. 1, Last edited on 14 February 2023, at 18:55, plot to subvert the communist regime of Albania, Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 19411945", "Philby, Harold Adrian Russell [Kim] (19121988), spy", Cricinfo Player Profile of Ernest Sheepshanks, "Kim Philby, British double agent, reveals all in secret video", "Kim Philby, the Observer connection and the establishment world of spies", " 70 [1987, DjVu, RUS] [The national economy of the USSR for 70 years. Later, realising that he lacked the talent to be a professional painter, Philby worked briefly as a freelance newspaper photographer before taking up joinery. Hed been worried about leaving her and their children to carry on without him, but shed given him the all-clear to go. [11][pageneeded], In July 1939, Philby returned to The Times office in London. Philby was a 19-year-old art student when his father was exposed in 1963 as a traitor. Officially, his post was that of First Secretary to the British Embassy; in reality, he served as chief British intelligence representative in Washington. These lapses by Philby aroused intense suspicion in Moscow. But he also did it to impress her. Half sister of Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby. However, she denies that Philby ever regretted defecting to the Soviet Union, adding that he never talked of going home to Britain. The head of MI6, Dick White, only recently transferred from MI5, had suspected Philby as the "third man". Please try again later. He died in 1983 at the age of 69, recording beforehand that I do not at all regret having done what seemed and still seems to me my duty. [73] On 30 July, Soviet officials announced that they had granted him political asylum in the USSR, along with Soviet citizenship. Despite being forced to step down from his MI6 post, he maintained links with the service while working as correspondent for The Observer newspaper in the Middle East. In 1964 when he was 20, the young Philby was fined 15 and placed on probation for two years for stealing, with two friends, a radio, alcohol, cigarettes and cash valued in all at 75 from a sports pavilion at Greenwich. [81] In the book, Philby says that his loyalties were always with the communists; he considered himself not to have been a double agent but "a straight penetration agent working in the Soviet interest". As for Melinda the central figure in the circle of loyalty and secrecy, desertion and reconciliation, love and solitariness that was the human drama of Donald Macleans life she lived well into her 90s before dying in New York in 2010, silent to the end about her years with one of Britains most infamous traitors. The first three missions, overland from Greece, were trouble-free. On the 50th anniversary of Philbys defection to Moscow, British newspaper The Daily Telegraph carried an article with excerpts of interviews with one of Philbys sons, Dudley Thomas Philby, and his Russian widow, Rufina Pukhova Philby. Melinda, now officially Natasha Frazer, hated Kuybyshev, which she found very primitive, and for a while Donald was depressed and disillusioned by the reality of Soviet Russia. [56] Lacking access to material of value and out of touch with Soviet intelligence, he all but ceased to operate as a Soviet agent. The organization was one of several fronts operated by German communist Willi Mnzenberg, a member of the Reichstag who had fled to France in 1933. After leaving Cambridge, Philby worked as a journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France. Could they have overlooked Philby's Communist wife?" For some 30 years he was an adviser to King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia. Burgess was arrested in September for drunken driving and was subsequently fired,[29] while Philby was appointed as an instructor on clandestine propaganda at the SOE's finishing school for agents at the Estate of Lord Montagu[30][pageneeded] in Beaulieu, Hampshire. He was tall and fair; she was slight with curly, dark hair. I replied 100, which I hoped would last me about a year in Vienna. In the same interview, she confirmed that Philby was a heavy drinker when they first met, but later became sober. Eleanor found Melinda amusing but nervous and highly strung and yearning for the luxuries of Western capitalism. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. BROWN:: St. John Philby was born in Ceylon, then a part of the British Empire, very typically English ruling-class family, military background, senior military appointments and one of the colonists who went out to build the coffee industry in Ceylon at the turn of the century.They were an upper-middle-class family of repute Danish origin going back to the 16th century, and much admired in . Philby was posted to the United States the following year, and Burgess, who was second secretary at the British Embassy, lodged with the Philbys at their ramshackle house in Washington. [19] Maly was one of the Soviet Union's most powerful and influential illegal controllers and recruiters. Fergie is horrified that [Donald] might have done something wrong at the office and the FO will be very angry when he returns. In a way hes always just been my father. He graduated in 1933 with a 2:1 degree in Economics. [36][37] Charles Arnold-Baker, an officer of German birth (born Wolfgang von Blumenthal) working for Richard Gatty in Belgium and later transferred to the Norwegian/Swedish border, voiced many suspicions of Philby and Philby's intentions but was ignored time and time again.[5]. Solomon introduced Philby to the woman who would become Philby's second wife, Aileen Furse. Want to Read. [39][5], The intervention of Philby in the affair and the subsequent capture of Volkov by the Soviets might have seriously compromised Philby's position. [70] The Dolmatova, a Soviet freighter bound for Odessa, had left Beirut that morning so abruptly that cargo was left scattered over the docks;[58] Philby claimed that he left Beirut on board this ship. [54][61] There, his journalism served as cover for renewed work for MI6. [61], It is unclear whether Philby had been alerted, but Eleanor noted that as 1962 wore on, expressions of tension in his life "became worse and were reflected in bouts of deep depression and drinking". Maclean accused Philby of being a double agent working for the British and they stopped speaking. After I had been wounded and decorated by Franco himself, I became known as 'the English-decorated-by-Franco' and all sorts of doors opened to me. Harry St John Philby was devastated to not become the first westerner to cross the Empty Quarter. By birth date: 1912-01-01. birth place: Ambala. Wages and incomes of the population. The man described himself as Otto. By the time she left Russia, Maclean was in his final decline, in and out of hospital with cancer from his lifetime of smoking. Weeks later, volkov had been discussed with the British retailer Marks & Spencer KGB, MI6 News. 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